Summary of WWW + EBI of the presentation based on Mr.Bush's and other student's comments:
WWW ;
One aspect of our presentation that was appreciated by Mr.Bush and the other student's was that we kept our presentation as simple as possible. This is due to the fact that our presentation included only key words in every slide we produced for each key concept (MIGRAIN). Therefore, instead of just reading of the board the other group members and I elaborated on these key words for a more enjoyable presentation. What's more is that in one particular key concept slide (the 'institution' slide) Mr.Bush and the other student's of the class felt as if though I had thoroughly explained and justified the group and I's decision to have the 'Channel 4' broadcasting institution distribute our '4docs' 4 minute long documentary. Unfortunately, one member of our group (Gurvinder) was not present to present his slide. This resulted in another member of the group (Sundeep) and I reading of Gurvinder's slide. Although this had been the case, Mr.Bush and the other students noticed that the slide held audience theories within it which were of great relevence to our linked production.
EBI ;
One factor that could have improved our presentation according to Mr.Bush and the other students was that if we had included issues and debates relevent to our linked production. One paritcular issue and debate which could have been discussed within the presentation was that of 'moral panics' in society regarding teenagers. Another factor that could have improved our presentation was that if we had looked at the audience whilst presenting. Mr.Bush and the other students felt as if though we engage the audience enough to take an interest in our documentary idea. Additionally, what would have helped our presentation to be more appealing to the audience was if we had included pictures supporting the texts on the screen as these were lacking.
Monday, 22 February 2010
Thursday, 4 February 2010
Research For my Critical Investigation
The critical investigation that my group and I intent to produce will be a title sequence and the opening scene of a documentary which explores to what extent teenage delinquants have been influenced by the gangster hip-hop sub-genre.
Below is a list of 3 documentaries which I feel are similar in content to the critical investigation that my group and I intend to produce:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2020029531334253002#
Here's a documentary that I was able to find on the effects the hip-hop gangster genre has on teenager delinquants in the United States of America. The documentary re-enforces the stereotype that the gangster hip-hop genre has a negative effect onteenagers. It was a documentary initially aired by the American broadcasting network PBS on a programme entitled Independent lense. The audience the documentary was aimed at was in particular men and predominantely of African American ethnicity.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYaD7v-0N-8
Here's another documentary that I was able to find on the effects the hip-hop gangster genre has on teenagers in the United States if America. However, this particular documentary challenged the stereotype that the hip-hop gangster genre has a negative effect on teenagers. The documentary did not deny the fact that it felt that the hip-hop gangster genre has a negative effect on teenagers, however it argued that 50% of African American teenagers listening to the gangster hip-hop music genre were aware of the negative effects that the genre has teenagers and insisted that something be done about the lyrical content and the music videos of the gangster hip-hop music genre. This particular documentary was distributed by Youth Speak Out. an organization who participate in social based projects regarding teenagers within the Palm Beach County area of the American state of Florida.
A documentary that I feel is most similar to the critical investigation that my group and I intent to produce is the BAFTA award winning documentary series Ross Kemp on Gangs which is distributed by Sky1. This documentary series follows Ross Kemp travelling around the world conserving with gang members, locals who have been affected by gang violence and the authorities who are attempting to combat the problem. The primary target audience the show appeals to would most probably be teenage males who are considering to be gang members and would hope to discourage them to take that path. The secondary target audience the show would appeal to would be anyone.
The representation of gang members portrayed by the show tries to remain netrual but more often than none re-enforces the negative stereotype associated with gang members. The show explores the reasons behind the formation of the gang and as to whether or not the gang members are content with being apart of a gang giving them a chance to justify their actions, however the gang members themselves conform to the stereotype that they are labelled as having. The members of these gangs are always of the C/D class group or below as they are always residents of poor areas in in inner cities.
The show is filmed realistically with very few or no camera edits. Ross Kemp provides a voice over for the show and interviews gang members who's presence and voices are sometimes distorted to protect their identity.Whilst filming interviews sometimes low key lighting is used to complement the image of the gang members. Props are used by gang members such as various guns, knives and other weapons. Kemp is always careful not to wear colours that would affect gang members so more oftan than none wears simple coloured clothing such as black or grey. The shots are usually medium shots but in a episodes over the shoulder shots as well as close up shots are used.
A particular episode that my group and I would look at would be when Kemp interviwed gangs in London on the first series as London city is the same location in which my group and I will be filming the opening scene.
Below is a list of 3 documentaries which I feel are similar in content to the critical investigation that my group and I intend to produce:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2020029531334253002#
Here's a documentary that I was able to find on the effects the hip-hop gangster genre has on teenager delinquants in the United States of America. The documentary re-enforces the stereotype that the gangster hip-hop genre has a negative effect onteenagers. It was a documentary initially aired by the American broadcasting network PBS on a programme entitled Independent lense. The audience the documentary was aimed at was in particular men and predominantely of African American ethnicity.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYaD7v-0N-8
Here's another documentary that I was able to find on the effects the hip-hop gangster genre has on teenagers in the United States if America. However, this particular documentary challenged the stereotype that the hip-hop gangster genre has a negative effect on teenagers. The documentary did not deny the fact that it felt that the hip-hop gangster genre has a negative effect on teenagers, however it argued that 50% of African American teenagers listening to the gangster hip-hop music genre were aware of the negative effects that the genre has teenagers and insisted that something be done about the lyrical content and the music videos of the gangster hip-hop music genre. This particular documentary was distributed by Youth Speak Out. an organization who participate in social based projects regarding teenagers within the Palm Beach County area of the American state of Florida.
A documentary that I feel is most similar to the critical investigation that my group and I intent to produce is the BAFTA award winning documentary series Ross Kemp on Gangs which is distributed by Sky1. This documentary series follows Ross Kemp travelling around the world conserving with gang members, locals who have been affected by gang violence and the authorities who are attempting to combat the problem. The primary target audience the show appeals to would most probably be teenage males who are considering to be gang members and would hope to discourage them to take that path. The secondary target audience the show would appeal to would be anyone.
The representation of gang members portrayed by the show tries to remain netrual but more often than none re-enforces the negative stereotype associated with gang members. The show explores the reasons behind the formation of the gang and as to whether or not the gang members are content with being apart of a gang giving them a chance to justify their actions, however the gang members themselves conform to the stereotype that they are labelled as having. The members of these gangs are always of the C/D class group or below as they are always residents of poor areas in in inner cities.
The show is filmed realistically with very few or no camera edits. Ross Kemp provides a voice over for the show and interviews gang members who's presence and voices are sometimes distorted to protect their identity.Whilst filming interviews sometimes low key lighting is used to complement the image of the gang members. Props are used by gang members such as various guns, knives and other weapons. Kemp is always careful not to wear colours that would affect gang members so more oftan than none wears simple coloured clothing such as black or grey. The shots are usually medium shots but in a episodes over the shoulder shots as well as close up shots are used.
A particular episode that my group and I would look at would be when Kemp interviwed gangs in London on the first series as London city is the same location in which my group and I will be filming the opening scene.
Wednesday, 3 February 2010
Coursework
“Hip-hop is dead!” An investigation into the idealization of consumerism and materialism in hip-hop music videos
"The modern promotion of consumerism in hip-hop culture is a far cry from hip-hop’s original intentions." [1]1 Initially, the hip-hop music genre had been formed in order to provide the African American community with a cultural identity. The hip-hop music genre allowed artists to take their creativity and channel it into powerful expressions of political concerns, beliefs and ideologies that they had regarding their own communities. The most popular and thus successful artists were more than likely to be signed to the biggest labels which were at the time usually owned by African American entrepreneurs such ‘Def Jam Records’ and ‘Ruthless Records’. The reason for these artists’ popularity and success was that the artists signed to these labels were given ultimate freedom of speech and as a result were able to be as explicit as they wished with their lyrics due to the fact that their labels were under the control of African American entrepreneurs who were able to empathize with the issues being discussed in the music. Therefore, the audience to whom the hip-hop music genre had been formed to target, predominantly African Americans, felt more comfortable with the material being distributed by those labels and artists and consequently purchased their material as they felt that it would be accurately “reflective of the political, social and economical conditions of the time” [2].2 This brings in to concept the ‘uses and gratification’ theory which suggests that the audience are not helpless victims of the media but use the media to get specific gratifications. Artists such as ‘Public Enemy’, ‘KRS-One’ and ‘N.W.A’, but to name a few, acted as representative bodies for the communities that they came from offering the audience an insight in to the struggles their particular community faced and ways in which those struggles could be overcome. The issues discussed in the music and the images shown in the music videos of these artists presented the audience with the lifestyle that ethnic minorities live in western countries post-colonialism. A protest song which had been deemed to create a moral panic in society was KRS One's, “Sound of da police”. The song gained a considerable amount of criticism by governing bodies and faced censorship and regulation within a week of its release. Although, many people from the music world and African American society were supportive of the song as they felt that the rapper had been accurate in his portrayal of the police’s behavior towards ethnic minorities. The music video included real life footage of the African American community facing policy brutalities in the Bronx borough of New York City. Therefore, it was accurate in its portrayal of the struggle the African American society faced at the time.
There is no question that since the birth of hip-hop music the genre has been ever evolving from the politically conscious rap of the 1980s to the socio-economic violent rap of the 1990s. The past decade, however, has concentrated on a new wave of the hip-hop music genre – commercial rap or “ringtone rap” as referred to by some. "Let's face it: many rap songs celebrate, if not downright glorify, materialism. To signify baller status, you're encouraged to have a "Rollie" on your arm like Snoop Dogg, "cashmere thoughts" like Jay-Z, and "mustard & mayonnaise" like E-40. Otherwise, as Too $hort might say, you's a "broke biatch." [3]3 Although, what explanation is there to justify the recent trend of the idealization of consumerism and materialism in hip-hop music today?
Many rappers within the hip-hop music genre have a great deal of influence on members of the audience as some audience members may consider rappers to be role models and therefore look up to them and as a result are influenced by their actions. If this is the case "the ‘hypodermic needle model’ would have us believe that music with such a message (materialism at any expense) would motivate the masses to put consumerism at the centre of their worlds, with little or no regard to the rest of society. "[4].4 This illustrates the point that "the media industries are ideal for testing out consumer power. What the media produce is not necessities we need to consume but forms of information and entertainment we may desire to experience". [5]5 However, if some are influenced by rap artists that they look up to then they automatically feel the need to purchase what the rap artist is advertising rather than realize that their desire is only a want not a need.
Furthermore, it has been said that recent hip-hop records and albums, like other genres of music, have been decreasing. This is partly due to the fact that many consumers now illegally download music rather than legally purchase it. However, it has been argued that a lack of creativity in recent hip-hop records and albums has resulted in the decrease of hip-hop record and album sales. This may be true as some would say that it is this lack of creativity which encourages the idealization of consumerism and materialism in hip-hop music today. They may have a lack of creativity as some would argue that the African American community no longer faces as many racial issues as it did twenty years ago when hip-hop first begun. Evidence to suggest that this statement is true would be that the United States of America now has a black president and as a result it can be indicated that the African American community are no longer challenged with the ‘glass ceiling’ in the workplace. Therefore, artists may not be able to talk about the struggles the African American community faces and as a result "the only topics discussed are “bling-bling”, how many guns you have, and ‘ho’s” [6].6
"Back in the day, Run-DMC’s mega-hit My Adidas promoted consumerism through its music video as a form of rebellion. More recently, however, as savvy teens lose interest in traditional forms of advertising, product placement in lyrics and music videos has become big, big business for manufacturers and rappers alike." [7]7 “There exists a spectacularly symbiotic relationship between the dictates of the street code and an energetic American consumerism." [8]8 Manufacturers, such as the record label companies that rap artists now belong to who are not exclusively controlled by African American entrepreneurs but predominantly Caucasian American men, recognize this fact and as a result try persuade the artists signed to them to try and implement the idealization of consumerism and materialism into their music and music videos as much as they possibly can as this would help the record company to establish multi-million dollar deals with industrial organizations as well as help the artist to sell what ever product it is that they endorse or are themselves selling.
Most debut albums of rap artists discuss issues affecting the African American ghettos and communities as that is where the rap artist has arisen from. However, once an artist reaches his or her second, third, fourth and so on albums they are no longer able to discuss those issues as they are no longer affected by them. This may be another possible reason as to why consumerism and materialism is idealized within hip-hop music and its music videos as the artists no longer have anything meaningful that they can talk about. Alternatively, these rappers may just be happy that they are now being able to receive the consumer and material goods they once dreamed of purchasing but were never able to due to economic issues and as a result are celebrating the fact that these consumer and material goods are now available to them and so try and encourage consumers to opt for their consumer and material goods as the rappers really enjoy them such as 50 Cent who glamorizes an iPod in his ‘P.I.M.P’ video.
Moreover, according to respected rapper LL Cool J, “the African American community has self-esteem issues” and in order to combat these they glorify materialism and consumerism in their music and music videos to make themselves and others who may have the same concerns feel better about themselves. This may be the case of why in hip-hop music videos dating back to the early 1990’s women in hip-hop music videos have been portrayed as sexual objects to a masculine patriarchal society in which women’s bodies are objectified by their male counterparts. These kinds of representations enforce the stereotype that African American women are just sexual beings and have no other purpose but to serve their superior male counterparts. "My son loves hip-hop, and I can't even let him watch videos because of how the women are portrayed. I refuse to have a son who does not respect women. The other thing I can't stand is the consumerism and the lack of balance in content. Both of those bring us down as a community as opposed to building us up" [9]9, is what a concerned African American mother had to say regarding women in hip-hop music videos.
The hip-hop music genre was founded and established within the United States of America. The very country in which this musical art form was founded and established is known for its’ advertising. This may be the case of why consumerism and materialism is so idealized within hip-hop music and hip-hop music videos today. "In a fiercely competitive media environment, broadcasters and other producers desperately vie for our attention" [10]10 and his has become the case for hip-hop’s artists as according to writer Nelson George, “hip-hop songs and their videos have become commercials”. Therefore, it can be said that now as artists compete with one another to sell their music it is similar to the competitive media who desperately vie for the audience’s attention to sell the products they endorse of have made. "Exponents of consumer power claim that audiences pay little attention to ads and are certainly not manipulated into buying products advertised at them". [11]11 This is most probably why industrial organizations have decided to advertise through music videos such as ‘Apple’ through 50 Cent’s, ’P.I.M.P.’ video as they recognize that consumers no longer pay much attention to advertisements but are easily influenced by rappers whom they idolize.
Overall, it can be said that hip-hop has been heavily influenced into the idealization of consumerism and materialism in its lyrical content and musical videos. It looks more and more likely that hip-hop as a musical art form has drifted away from its original intentions of political and social rap and has become a source of advertising through its music videos for industrial organizations and rappers in the hip-hop music genre. However, this statement is not entirely correct for two reasons. Firstly, there are still a few rappers left in the hip-hop music genre whom actually stick to its basic principles and have every intention of making their music politically and socially reflective of the African American community such as Kanye West, Common and Talib Kwali but to name a few. Secondly, the idealization of consumerism and materialism has only affected the American hip-hop community not the global hip-hop community. The hip-hop music genre may have been formed within the United States of America but it has expanded as an art form internationally and in most other countries the hip-hop music genre is respected for its original intentions of political and social music affecting a certain community. One example includes, ‘Nomadic Wax’, an African rap group whom rap about democracy in the African state of ‘Dakkar’. One thing is clear, “‘Nas’ was clearly referring to Hip Hop Music being killed by American commercialization and heartless consumerism."[12]12
Word Count: 1,947
By Jasprabhjot Pabla
Bibliography
Works Citied:
Books;
Laughey,Dan.(2009),Media Studies Theories and Approaches, Herts, Kamara Books.
Internet;
Kriel,C.(2009),Cue Online
Cook,D.(1985), New Comm Ave
Arnold,E.(2008), East Bay Express
Young,S.(2007), Musicouch
Hamilton,N.(2004), Films Media Group
Watts,E.(1997), Communication Studies
Thill,S. (2007), Wiretap
Ball,Q.(2009), Old School Scholar
Works Consulted:
Books;
O'Sullivan, Tim, (1997), Media Studies Reader, London, Arnold
Strinati, Dominic, (2000), An Introduction To Studying Popular Culture, Routledge, London.
Creerer, Glen, (2001), The Television Genre Book, British Film Institute, London.
Bignell, Jonathan, (2001), An Introduction to Television Studies, Routledge, New York.
Rayner, Phillip, (2001), The Essential Introduction, Routledge, London.
Casey,Bernadette, (2002), Television Studies, The Key Concept, Routledge, London.
Internet;
White,S.(2009), Mpelembe Network
"The modern promotion of consumerism in hip-hop culture is a far cry from hip-hop’s original intentions." [1]1 Initially, the hip-hop music genre had been formed in order to provide the African American community with a cultural identity. The hip-hop music genre allowed artists to take their creativity and channel it into powerful expressions of political concerns, beliefs and ideologies that they had regarding their own communities. The most popular and thus successful artists were more than likely to be signed to the biggest labels which were at the time usually owned by African American entrepreneurs such ‘Def Jam Records’ and ‘Ruthless Records’. The reason for these artists’ popularity and success was that the artists signed to these labels were given ultimate freedom of speech and as a result were able to be as explicit as they wished with their lyrics due to the fact that their labels were under the control of African American entrepreneurs who were able to empathize with the issues being discussed in the music. Therefore, the audience to whom the hip-hop music genre had been formed to target, predominantly African Americans, felt more comfortable with the material being distributed by those labels and artists and consequently purchased their material as they felt that it would be accurately “reflective of the political, social and economical conditions of the time” [2].2 This brings in to concept the ‘uses and gratification’ theory which suggests that the audience are not helpless victims of the media but use the media to get specific gratifications. Artists such as ‘Public Enemy’, ‘KRS-One’ and ‘N.W.A’, but to name a few, acted as representative bodies for the communities that they came from offering the audience an insight in to the struggles their particular community faced and ways in which those struggles could be overcome. The issues discussed in the music and the images shown in the music videos of these artists presented the audience with the lifestyle that ethnic minorities live in western countries post-colonialism. A protest song which had been deemed to create a moral panic in society was KRS One's, “Sound of da police”. The song gained a considerable amount of criticism by governing bodies and faced censorship and regulation within a week of its release. Although, many people from the music world and African American society were supportive of the song as they felt that the rapper had been accurate in his portrayal of the police’s behavior towards ethnic minorities. The music video included real life footage of the African American community facing policy brutalities in the Bronx borough of New York City. Therefore, it was accurate in its portrayal of the struggle the African American society faced at the time.
There is no question that since the birth of hip-hop music the genre has been ever evolving from the politically conscious rap of the 1980s to the socio-economic violent rap of the 1990s. The past decade, however, has concentrated on a new wave of the hip-hop music genre – commercial rap or “ringtone rap” as referred to by some. "Let's face it: many rap songs celebrate, if not downright glorify, materialism. To signify baller status, you're encouraged to have a "Rollie" on your arm like Snoop Dogg, "cashmere thoughts" like Jay-Z, and "mustard & mayonnaise" like E-40. Otherwise, as Too $hort might say, you's a "broke biatch." [3]3 Although, what explanation is there to justify the recent trend of the idealization of consumerism and materialism in hip-hop music today?
Many rappers within the hip-hop music genre have a great deal of influence on members of the audience as some audience members may consider rappers to be role models and therefore look up to them and as a result are influenced by their actions. If this is the case "the ‘hypodermic needle model’ would have us believe that music with such a message (materialism at any expense) would motivate the masses to put consumerism at the centre of their worlds, with little or no regard to the rest of society. "[4].4 This illustrates the point that "the media industries are ideal for testing out consumer power. What the media produce is not necessities we need to consume but forms of information and entertainment we may desire to experience". [5]5 However, if some are influenced by rap artists that they look up to then they automatically feel the need to purchase what the rap artist is advertising rather than realize that their desire is only a want not a need.
Furthermore, it has been said that recent hip-hop records and albums, like other genres of music, have been decreasing. This is partly due to the fact that many consumers now illegally download music rather than legally purchase it. However, it has been argued that a lack of creativity in recent hip-hop records and albums has resulted in the decrease of hip-hop record and album sales. This may be true as some would say that it is this lack of creativity which encourages the idealization of consumerism and materialism in hip-hop music today. They may have a lack of creativity as some would argue that the African American community no longer faces as many racial issues as it did twenty years ago when hip-hop first begun. Evidence to suggest that this statement is true would be that the United States of America now has a black president and as a result it can be indicated that the African American community are no longer challenged with the ‘glass ceiling’ in the workplace. Therefore, artists may not be able to talk about the struggles the African American community faces and as a result "the only topics discussed are “bling-bling”, how many guns you have, and ‘ho’s” [6].6
"Back in the day, Run-DMC’s mega-hit My Adidas promoted consumerism through its music video as a form of rebellion. More recently, however, as savvy teens lose interest in traditional forms of advertising, product placement in lyrics and music videos has become big, big business for manufacturers and rappers alike." [7]7 “There exists a spectacularly symbiotic relationship between the dictates of the street code and an energetic American consumerism." [8]8 Manufacturers, such as the record label companies that rap artists now belong to who are not exclusively controlled by African American entrepreneurs but predominantly Caucasian American men, recognize this fact and as a result try persuade the artists signed to them to try and implement the idealization of consumerism and materialism into their music and music videos as much as they possibly can as this would help the record company to establish multi-million dollar deals with industrial organizations as well as help the artist to sell what ever product it is that they endorse or are themselves selling.
Most debut albums of rap artists discuss issues affecting the African American ghettos and communities as that is where the rap artist has arisen from. However, once an artist reaches his or her second, third, fourth and so on albums they are no longer able to discuss those issues as they are no longer affected by them. This may be another possible reason as to why consumerism and materialism is idealized within hip-hop music and its music videos as the artists no longer have anything meaningful that they can talk about. Alternatively, these rappers may just be happy that they are now being able to receive the consumer and material goods they once dreamed of purchasing but were never able to due to economic issues and as a result are celebrating the fact that these consumer and material goods are now available to them and so try and encourage consumers to opt for their consumer and material goods as the rappers really enjoy them such as 50 Cent who glamorizes an iPod in his ‘P.I.M.P’ video.
Moreover, according to respected rapper LL Cool J, “the African American community has self-esteem issues” and in order to combat these they glorify materialism and consumerism in their music and music videos to make themselves and others who may have the same concerns feel better about themselves. This may be the case of why in hip-hop music videos dating back to the early 1990’s women in hip-hop music videos have been portrayed as sexual objects to a masculine patriarchal society in which women’s bodies are objectified by their male counterparts. These kinds of representations enforce the stereotype that African American women are just sexual beings and have no other purpose but to serve their superior male counterparts. "My son loves hip-hop, and I can't even let him watch videos because of how the women are portrayed. I refuse to have a son who does not respect women. The other thing I can't stand is the consumerism and the lack of balance in content. Both of those bring us down as a community as opposed to building us up" [9]9, is what a concerned African American mother had to say regarding women in hip-hop music videos.
The hip-hop music genre was founded and established within the United States of America. The very country in which this musical art form was founded and established is known for its’ advertising. This may be the case of why consumerism and materialism is so idealized within hip-hop music and hip-hop music videos today. "In a fiercely competitive media environment, broadcasters and other producers desperately vie for our attention" [10]10 and his has become the case for hip-hop’s artists as according to writer Nelson George, “hip-hop songs and their videos have become commercials”. Therefore, it can be said that now as artists compete with one another to sell their music it is similar to the competitive media who desperately vie for the audience’s attention to sell the products they endorse of have made. "Exponents of consumer power claim that audiences pay little attention to ads and are certainly not manipulated into buying products advertised at them". [11]11 This is most probably why industrial organizations have decided to advertise through music videos such as ‘Apple’ through 50 Cent’s, ’P.I.M.P.’ video as they recognize that consumers no longer pay much attention to advertisements but are easily influenced by rappers whom they idolize.
Overall, it can be said that hip-hop has been heavily influenced into the idealization of consumerism and materialism in its lyrical content and musical videos. It looks more and more likely that hip-hop as a musical art form has drifted away from its original intentions of political and social rap and has become a source of advertising through its music videos for industrial organizations and rappers in the hip-hop music genre. However, this statement is not entirely correct for two reasons. Firstly, there are still a few rappers left in the hip-hop music genre whom actually stick to its basic principles and have every intention of making their music politically and socially reflective of the African American community such as Kanye West, Common and Talib Kwali but to name a few. Secondly, the idealization of consumerism and materialism has only affected the American hip-hop community not the global hip-hop community. The hip-hop music genre may have been formed within the United States of America but it has expanded as an art form internationally and in most other countries the hip-hop music genre is respected for its original intentions of political and social music affecting a certain community. One example includes, ‘Nomadic Wax’, an African rap group whom rap about democracy in the African state of ‘Dakkar’. One thing is clear, “‘Nas’ was clearly referring to Hip Hop Music being killed by American commercialization and heartless consumerism."[12]12
Word Count: 1,947
By Jasprabhjot Pabla
Bibliography
Works Citied:
Books;
Laughey,Dan.(2009),Media Studies Theories and Approaches, Herts, Kamara Books.
Internet;
Kriel,C.(2009),Cue Online
Cook,D.(1985), New Comm Ave
Arnold,E.(2008), East Bay Express
Young,S.(2007), Musicouch
Hamilton,N.(2004), Films Media Group
Watts,E.(1997), Communication Studies
Thill,S. (2007), Wiretap
Ball,Q.(2009), Old School Scholar
Works Consulted:
Books;
O'Sullivan, Tim, (1997), Media Studies Reader, London, Arnold
Strinati, Dominic, (2000), An Introduction To Studying Popular Culture, Routledge, London.
Creerer, Glen, (2001), The Television Genre Book, British Film Institute, London.
Bignell, Jonathan, (2001), An Introduction to Television Studies, Routledge, New York.
Rayner, Phillip, (2001), The Essential Introduction, Routledge, London.
Casey,Bernadette, (2002), Television Studies, The Key Concept, Routledge, London.
Internet;
White,S.(2009), Mpelembe Network
Wednesday, 6 January 2010
MEST 4 Xmas Task #4
1.) "The modern promotion of consumerism in hip-hop culture is a far cry from hip-hop’s original intentions."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:UBTAoNdRwqgJ:cue.ru.ac.za/music/2009/hip-hop-activism-consumerism.html+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
2.) "The only topics discussed are “bling-bling” materialism, how many guns you have, and ‘ho’s.’”
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:O9EiPmdG2ecJ:www.newcommave.com/node/275+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
3.) "Let's face it: many rap songs celebrate, if not downright glorify, materialism. To signify baller status, you're encouraged to have a "Rollie" on your arm like Snoop Dogg, "cashmere thoughts" like Jay-Z, and "mustard & mayonnaise" like E-40. Otherwise, as Too $hort might say, you's a "broke biatch.""
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:zwN6Cr5EX8oJ:www.eastbayexpress.com/eastbay/is-hip-hop-too-materialistic/Content%3Foid%3D1090155+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=18&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
4.) "The Hypodermic Needle model would have us believe that music with such a message (materialism at any expense) would motivate the masses to put consumerism at the centre of their worlds, with little or no regard to the rest of society. "
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:tvUkM45F-YoJ:musicouch.com/musicouching/mainstream-music-effect-on-popular-culture/+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=35&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
5.) "there exists a spectacularly symbiotic relationship between the dictates of the street code and an energetic American consumerism."
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3669/is_199704/ai_n8760647/pg_9/?tag=content;col1
6.) "Nas" was clearly referring to Hip Hop Music being killed by American commercialization and heartless consumerism."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:eHXuB_up7QEJ:oldschoolscholar.com/real-hip-hop-in-africa-senegal-rocks-to-the-breaka-dawn/+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=51&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
7.) "Mass consumerism creates a false sense of helping an
individual find a unique identity."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:K-lQFeY3UvsJ:mpelembe.blogware.com/blog/_archives/2007/10/31/3325056.html+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=72&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
8.) "Tim Fite has pursued a solo carrier. His 2006 hip-hop album entitled "Over the Counter Culture" is probably the most critically acclaimed of his albums. His witty and straightforward lyrics criticizing the modern culture of consumerism and greed won him many new fans."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:SSjrbwqpQW8J:www.frostclick.com/wp/%3Fp%3D2270+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=107&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
9.) "My son loves hip-hop, and I can't even let him watch videos because of how the women are portrayed. I refuse to have a son who does not respect women. The other thing I can't stand is the consumerism and the lack of balance in content. Both of those bring us down as a community as opposed to building us up."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:mGoW51lwg1UJ:www.wiretapmag.org/arts/43305/+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=111&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
10.) "Back in the day, Run-DMC’s mega-hit My Adidas promoted consumerism as a form of rebellion. More recently, however, as savvy teens lose interest in traditional forms of advertising, product placement in lyrics and music videos has become big, big business for manufacturers and rappers alike."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:VKONTxUTbCsJ:www.films.com/id/15116/Rhyme_Pays_Hip-Hop_and_the_Marketing_of_Cool.htm+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=148&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:UBTAoNdRwqgJ:cue.ru.ac.za/music/2009/hip-hop-activism-consumerism.html+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
2.) "The only topics discussed are “bling-bling” materialism, how many guns you have, and ‘ho’s.’”
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:O9EiPmdG2ecJ:www.newcommave.com/node/275+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
3.) "Let's face it: many rap songs celebrate, if not downright glorify, materialism. To signify baller status, you're encouraged to have a "Rollie" on your arm like Snoop Dogg, "cashmere thoughts" like Jay-Z, and "mustard & mayonnaise" like E-40. Otherwise, as Too $hort might say, you's a "broke biatch.""
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:zwN6Cr5EX8oJ:www.eastbayexpress.com/eastbay/is-hip-hop-too-materialistic/Content%3Foid%3D1090155+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=18&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
4.) "The Hypodermic Needle model would have us believe that music with such a message (materialism at any expense) would motivate the masses to put consumerism at the centre of their worlds, with little or no regard to the rest of society. "
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:tvUkM45F-YoJ:musicouch.com/musicouching/mainstream-music-effect-on-popular-culture/+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=35&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
5.) "there exists a spectacularly symbiotic relationship between the dictates of the street code and an energetic American consumerism."
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3669/is_199704/ai_n8760647/pg_9/?tag=content;col1
6.) "Nas" was clearly referring to Hip Hop Music being killed by American commercialization and heartless consumerism."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:eHXuB_up7QEJ:oldschoolscholar.com/real-hip-hop-in-africa-senegal-rocks-to-the-breaka-dawn/+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=51&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
7.) "Mass consumerism creates a false sense of helping an
individual find a unique identity."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:K-lQFeY3UvsJ:mpelembe.blogware.com/blog/_archives/2007/10/31/3325056.html+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=72&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
8.) "Tim Fite has pursued a solo carrier. His 2006 hip-hop album entitled "Over the Counter Culture" is probably the most critically acclaimed of his albums. His witty and straightforward lyrics criticizing the modern culture of consumerism and greed won him many new fans."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:SSjrbwqpQW8J:www.frostclick.com/wp/%3Fp%3D2270+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=107&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
9.) "My son loves hip-hop, and I can't even let him watch videos because of how the women are portrayed. I refuse to have a son who does not respect women. The other thing I can't stand is the consumerism and the lack of balance in content. Both of those bring us down as a community as opposed to building us up."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:mGoW51lwg1UJ:www.wiretapmag.org/arts/43305/+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=111&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
10.) "Back in the day, Run-DMC’s mega-hit My Adidas promoted consumerism as a form of rebellion. More recently, however, as savvy teens lose interest in traditional forms of advertising, product placement in lyrics and music videos has become big, big business for manufacturers and rappers alike."
http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:VKONTxUTbCsJ:www.films.com/id/15116/Rhyme_Pays_Hip-Hop_and_the_Marketing_of_Cool.htm+consumerism+hip+hop+music+videos&cd=148&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&client=firefox-a
MEST4 Xmas Task #2
Laughey,Dan,(2009),Media Studies Theories and Approaches, Herts, Kamara Books. :
"The media industries are ideal for testing out consumer power. What the media produce are not necessities we need to consume but forms of information and entertainment we may desire to experience". pg. 46
"In a fiercely competitive media environment, broadcasters and other producers desperately vie for our attention". pg.47
"Exponents of consumer power claim that audeinces pay little attention to ads and are certainly not manipulated into buying products advertised at them". pg. 47
O'Sullivan, Tim, (1997), Media Studies Reader, London, Arnold.. :
"Consumerism, moreover, by its very nature is seen to encourage an anarchic individualism which runs riot with possibilities for solid and stable indentities". pg.432
Strinati, Dominic, (2000), An Introduction To Studying Popular Culture, Routledge, London.:
"Consumerism treats the viewer or listner as a consumer, as someone who is there to buy the services and goods produced". pg.154
Creerer, Glen, (2001), The Television Genre Book, British Film Institute, London. :
"MTV seems to be a perfect example of postmodernism: the material it broadcasts appear to be shallow, based around commodity images with no 'message' except the injunction to buy". pg.178
Bignell, Jonathan, (2001), An Introduction to Television Studies, Routledge, New York. :
The visual aspect has always been tied closely to fashion, and the role of singers influencing youth consumer choices has been central way for pop musicians to differentiate their products in a very competitive market". pg.89
"Certainly much current thinking in the pop music business would suggest that a hit single is not going to be possible without a video to accompany it. And the video has to do far more than simply act as a vehicle for the song. It is now vitally important for the video to make some kind of impact." pg. 268
Casey,Bernadette, (2002), Television Studies, The Key Concept, Routledge, London.:
"Given the overtly commercial origins of music video, a good deal of the critical literature on it has focused on the notion of commercialisation and the commodification of culture." pg. 136
"Lewis' feminist approach to analysing music video work is useful in that she highlights how music video brings together two cultural forms which have a history of objectifying women - television and rock music". pg. 137
"Most theorists have tended to treat music videos as self contained tests, and have ignored the commericial and industrial dimensions of the form." pg. 137-138.
Casey,Bernadette, (2002), Television Studies, The Key Concept, Routledge, London.:
"Given the overtly commercial origins of music video, a good deal of the critical literature on it has focused on the notion of commercialisation and the commodification of culture." pg. 136
"Lewis' feminist approach to analysing music video work is useful in that she highlights how music video brings together two cultural forms which have a history of objectifying women - television and rock music". pg. 137
"Most theorists have tended to treat music videos as self contained tests, and have ignored the commericial and industrial dimensions of the form." pg. 137-138.
MEST 4 Xmas Task #3
"Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos" is a song by the American Hip-Hop group Public Enemy from their second album, 'It takes a nation of millions to hold us back'.The lyrics deal with a fictional story of an escape from a US prison. Chuck has been drafted ("I got a letter from the government, the other day / I opened and read it, it said they were suckers / they wanted me for their army or whatever"); however, he refuses to become part of the army ("Picture me giving a damn / I said 'never!'"). The main idea behind this is that the war is wrong, with a hint of pure indignation towards the treatment of Black people by other parts of American society ("here's a land that never gave a damn about a brother like me"). This serves to both criticize racism and the prison system ("Four of us packed in a cell like slaves").
Chuck is then taken to prison, from which he attempts to escape. "Black Steel" is a reference to a gun, which he needs to escape. By the end of the second verse, Chuck has taken a gun from a C.O. (corrections officer) who was "fallin' asleep." ("But ever when I catch a C.O. / Sleeping on the job/My plan is on go-ahead.)
With gun in hand, Chuck and the other prisoners escape "to the ghetto - no sell out." Chuck then comments on how there are 6 C.O.s who he "ought to put their head out." He does not, at first ("But I'll give 'em a chance 'cause I'm civilized"), but after a female tries to thwart the escape she is shot, ("Got a woman C.O. to call me a 'copter / She tried to get away, and I popped her"), presumably dead ("I had 6 C.O.s, now it's 5 to go").
The final verse ends with Chuck and the rest of the prisoners on their final escape. They are confronted with shots and there is a state of chaos. Chuck makes a comment about prison and racism ("This is what I mean—an anti-nigger machine"), which later became the basis for another Public Enemy song, "Anti-****** Machine" (featured on the 1990 album, Fear of a Black Planet). Finally, he is rescued. The song ends with the line "53 brothers on the run, and we are gone" indicating a successful prison escape. (However, in the video for the song, this line accompanies the image of Chuck D being hanged by the triumphant warden of the prison.)
MEST 4 Xmas Task #1
The title of my critical investigation is, "An investigation into the idealisation of consumerism and materialism in Hip-Hop music videos". As a result, I have decided to use Hip-Hop artist Soulja Boy's, "Turn my Swag On", music video as a re-occuring example which can be referred back to in order to support the points that I make. 'Soulja Boy' is an emerging artist in the Hip-Hop music scene which has himself been criticized in recent times for glamorising consumerism and materialism in his music videos.
The music video follows a linear narrative with the non digetic sound of the song obviously playing contstantly throughout the music video. The institution which has distributed the music video has not been named. At the beginning of the music video the camera enters Soulja Boy's bedroom and using a panning shot the audience are exposed to a wide variety of Hip-Hop music magazines in which the rapper has featured on the title page (such as 'The Source'). This allows him to boast of his popularity and importance in the music industry to the audience who are most probably teenagers or young adults as stereotypically Hip-Hop fans tend to be. Furthermore, a close up shot of Soulja Boy is shown in which he emphasises "I'm gettin' money!" and then goes on to blow his nose with a couple of dollars. This leads the audience to believe that the rapper truely has no respect for money as he is happy to do such things with it. Various similar close up shots of this kind are given great importance as the music video escaltes (such as the rapper dancing in a whirl wind of cash , chucking dollars at the camera and sleeping in a pile of money). Next, with the use of a tracking shot, the camera follows the rapper into his closet in which a very brief 2 second shot is shown of him changing into his simple clothing. On the contrary a rather prolongued 6 second close up shot illustrates the amount of jewellery Soulja Boy has as he proceeds to spoil himself with wearing 6 golden chains. This shot not only highlights the amount of money he has but idealises his infatuation with material possessions and the idea of consumerism. The connotations of this shot suggest that the rapper regards material possessions (such as jewellery) to be of a higher importance than basic neccessities (such as clothing) which underlines his negative values. Towards the end of the music video Soulja Boy can be seen riding around on a children's scooter which can be observed as a representation of his youth. This has probably been implemented within the text so that the audience recognize Soulja Boy has been successful at such an early age allowing him another chance to boast (18 - during the time the video was shot). The media effect this could have on the audience is that it may make them want to immitate Soulja Boy as they would be of a similar age and visualize themselves in his place. The would enforce the idea of catharsis and vicarous living into the way in which the audience would consume the text.
It is disputable as to whether or not the content being put forth within the music video (or any music video which promotes consumerism and materialism) is a true reflection of the way in which the artist (in this case Soulja Boy) lives their life or not. Soulja Boy's music video shares similar content to that of many new Hip-Hop music videos whether they be released by new or existing artists - Lil Wayne - "Got money", 50 Cent - "I get money" and Jay-Z - "Roc Boys", but to name a few. What isn't disputable though is the fact that the new Hip-Hop music being released does not reflect the society which it has originally been formed to cater to (the African American youth). It is obvious that the content does not mirror the daily lives of the African American youth (as not all African American youths are millionaire rapstars), though it is unclear as to whether or not the content is an accurate representation of what the African American youth aspire to be like or just a stereotype. From this we can tell that Hip-Hop music has evolved overtime and that artists no longer focuses upon the concerns of the African American communities of which they once were a part of such as poverty, a poor education and drugs (which made the music more political). Instead the music now has become more about what the artist has, rather than what the artist doesn't have, and within this has given birth to the idea of advertising within music videos giving them a completley different level of importance. It can be said that now major institutions somewhat rely upon music videos to advertise their products or services. Such is the case within Soulja Boy's, "Turn my Swag On", in which he overtly and covertly advertises institutions such as Apple, 'The Source', Xbox 360 and 'GTA 4' but to name a few.
There are a few theories which would be appropriate to use within my critical investigation. One of if not the most important of those theories would be 'marxism'. This is due to the fact that this theory suggests the idea that the society is dominated by capitalist structures which maintain the hegenomy of the ruling class and lead to the exlploitation of the working class. Other significant useful theories would include 'pluralism', 'audience theory' and 'postmodernism'.
The music video follows a linear narrative with the non digetic sound of the song obviously playing contstantly throughout the music video. The institution which has distributed the music video has not been named. At the beginning of the music video the camera enters Soulja Boy's bedroom and using a panning shot the audience are exposed to a wide variety of Hip-Hop music magazines in which the rapper has featured on the title page (such as 'The Source'). This allows him to boast of his popularity and importance in the music industry to the audience who are most probably teenagers or young adults as stereotypically Hip-Hop fans tend to be. Furthermore, a close up shot of Soulja Boy is shown in which he emphasises "I'm gettin' money!" and then goes on to blow his nose with a couple of dollars. This leads the audience to believe that the rapper truely has no respect for money as he is happy to do such things with it. Various similar close up shots of this kind are given great importance as the music video escaltes (such as the rapper dancing in a whirl wind of cash , chucking dollars at the camera and sleeping in a pile of money). Next, with the use of a tracking shot, the camera follows the rapper into his closet in which a very brief 2 second shot is shown of him changing into his simple clothing. On the contrary a rather prolongued 6 second close up shot illustrates the amount of jewellery Soulja Boy has as he proceeds to spoil himself with wearing 6 golden chains. This shot not only highlights the amount of money he has but idealises his infatuation with material possessions and the idea of consumerism. The connotations of this shot suggest that the rapper regards material possessions (such as jewellery) to be of a higher importance than basic neccessities (such as clothing) which underlines his negative values. Towards the end of the music video Soulja Boy can be seen riding around on a children's scooter which can be observed as a representation of his youth. This has probably been implemented within the text so that the audience recognize Soulja Boy has been successful at such an early age allowing him another chance to boast (18 - during the time the video was shot). The media effect this could have on the audience is that it may make them want to immitate Soulja Boy as they would be of a similar age and visualize themselves in his place. The would enforce the idea of catharsis and vicarous living into the way in which the audience would consume the text.
It is disputable as to whether or not the content being put forth within the music video (or any music video which promotes consumerism and materialism) is a true reflection of the way in which the artist (in this case Soulja Boy) lives their life or not. Soulja Boy's music video shares similar content to that of many new Hip-Hop music videos whether they be released by new or existing artists - Lil Wayne - "Got money", 50 Cent - "I get money" and Jay-Z - "Roc Boys", but to name a few. What isn't disputable though is the fact that the new Hip-Hop music being released does not reflect the society which it has originally been formed to cater to (the African American youth). It is obvious that the content does not mirror the daily lives of the African American youth (as not all African American youths are millionaire rapstars), though it is unclear as to whether or not the content is an accurate representation of what the African American youth aspire to be like or just a stereotype. From this we can tell that Hip-Hop music has evolved overtime and that artists no longer focuses upon the concerns of the African American communities of which they once were a part of such as poverty, a poor education and drugs (which made the music more political). Instead the music now has become more about what the artist has, rather than what the artist doesn't have, and within this has given birth to the idea of advertising within music videos giving them a completley different level of importance. It can be said that now major institutions somewhat rely upon music videos to advertise their products or services. Such is the case within Soulja Boy's, "Turn my Swag On", in which he overtly and covertly advertises institutions such as Apple, 'The Source', Xbox 360 and 'GTA 4' but to name a few.
There are a few theories which would be appropriate to use within my critical investigation. One of if not the most important of those theories would be 'marxism'. This is due to the fact that this theory suggests the idea that the society is dominated by capitalist structures which maintain the hegenomy of the ruling class and lead to the exlploitation of the working class. Other significant useful theories would include 'pluralism', 'audience theory' and 'postmodernism'.
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